diff --git a/src/main/wacc/Frontend/microWacc.scala b/src/main/wacc/Frontend/microWacc.scala
index 04b9035..b9f6635 100644
--- a/src/main/wacc/Frontend/microWacc.scala
+++ b/src/main/wacc/Frontend/microWacc.scala
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ object microWacc {
       extends Expr(identTy)
       with CallTarget(identTy)
       with LValue
-  case class ArrayElem(name: Ident, indices: NonEmptyList[Expr])(ty: SemType)
+  case class ArrayElem(value: LValue, indices: NonEmptyList[Expr])(ty: SemType)
       extends Expr(ty)
       with LValue
 
@@ -48,6 +48,23 @@ object microWacc {
     case And
     case Or
   }
+  object BinaryOperator {
+    def fromAst(op: ast.BinaryOp): BinaryOperator = op match {
+      case _: ast.Add       => Add
+      case _: ast.Sub       => Sub
+      case _: ast.Mul       => Mul
+      case _: ast.Div       => Div
+      case _: ast.Mod       => Mod
+      case _: ast.Greater   => Greater
+      case _: ast.GreaterEq => GreaterEq
+      case _: ast.Less      => Less
+      case _: ast.LessEq    => LessEq
+      case _: ast.Eq        => Eq
+      case _: ast.Neq       => Neq
+      case _: ast.And       => And
+      case _: ast.Or        => Or
+    }
+  }
 
   // Statements
   sealed trait Stmt
diff --git a/src/main/wacc/Frontend/typeChecker.scala b/src/main/wacc/Frontend/typeChecker.scala
index 21d49ae..e3960cb 100644
--- a/src/main/wacc/Frontend/typeChecker.scala
+++ b/src/main/wacc/Frontend/typeChecker.scala
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package wacc
 
 import cats.syntax.all._
 import scala.collection.mutable
+import cats.data.NonEmptyList
 
 object typeChecker {
   import wacc.types._
@@ -100,17 +101,26 @@ object typeChecker {
     */
   def check(prog: ast.Program)(using
       ctx: TypeCheckerCtx
-  ): Unit = {
-    // Ignore function syntax types for return value and params, since those have been converted
-    // to SemTypes by the renamer.
-    prog.funcs.foreach { case ast.FuncDecl(_, name, _, stmts) =>
-      val FuncType(retType, _) = ctx.funcType(name)
-      stmts.toList.foreach(
-        checkStmt(_, Constraint.Is(retType, s"function ${name.v} must return $retType"))
-      )
-    }
-    prog.main.toList.foreach(checkStmt(_, Constraint.Never("main function must not return")))
-  }
+  ): microWacc.Program =
+    microWacc.Program(
+      // Ignore function syntax types for return value and params, since those have been converted
+      // to SemTypes by the renamer.
+      prog.funcs.map { case ast.FuncDecl(_, name, params, stmts) =>
+        val FuncType(retType, paramTypes) = ctx.funcType(name)
+        microWacc.FuncDecl(
+          microWacc.Ident(name.v, name.uid)(retType),
+          params.zip(paramTypes).map { case (ast.Param(_, ident), ty) =>
+            microWacc.Ident(ident.v, name.uid)(ty)
+          },
+          stmts.toList
+            .flatMap(
+              checkStmt(_, Constraint.Is(retType, s"function ${name.v} must return $retType"))
+            )
+        )
+      },
+      prog.main.toList
+        .flatMap(checkStmt(_, Constraint.Never("main function must not return")))
+    )
 
   /** Type-check an AST statement node.
     *
@@ -121,32 +131,38 @@ object typeChecker {
     */
   private def checkStmt(stmt: ast.Stmt, returnConstraint: Constraint)(using
       ctx: TypeCheckerCtx
-  ): Unit = stmt match {
+  ): List[microWacc.Stmt] = stmt match {
     // Ignore the type of the variable, since it has been converted to a SemType by the renamer.
     case ast.VarDecl(_, name, value) =>
       val expectedTy = ctx.typeOf(name)
-      checkValue(
+      val typedValue = checkValue(
         value,
         Constraint.Is(
           expectedTy,
           s"variable ${name.v} must be assigned a value of type $expectedTy"
         )
       )
+      List(microWacc.Assign(microWacc.Ident(name.v, name.uid)(expectedTy), typedValue))
     case ast.Assign(lhs, rhs) =>
-      val lhsTy = checkValue(lhs, Constraint.Unconstrained)
-      (lhsTy, checkValue(rhs, Constraint.Is(lhsTy, s"assignment must have type $lhsTy"))) match {
+      val lhsTyped = checkLValue(lhs, Constraint.Unconstrained)
+      val rhsTyped =
+        checkValue(rhs, Constraint.Is(lhsTyped.ty, s"assignment must have type ${lhsTyped.ty}"))
+      (lhsTyped.ty, rhsTyped.ty) match {
         case (?, ?) =>
           ctx.error(
             Error.SemanticError(lhs.pos, "assignment with both sides of unknown type is illegal")
           )
         case _ => ()
       }
+      List(microWacc.Assign(lhsTyped, rhsTyped))
     case ast.Read(dest) =>
-      checkValue(dest, Constraint.Unconstrained) match {
+      val destTyped = checkLValue(dest, Constraint.Unconstrained)
+      val destTy = destTyped.ty match {
         case ? =>
           ctx.error(
             Error.SemanticError(dest.pos, "cannot read into a destination with an unknown type")
           )
+          ?
         case destTy =>
           destTy.satisfies(
             Constraint.IsEither(
@@ -157,32 +173,69 @@ object typeChecker {
             dest.pos
           )
       }
+      List(
+        microWacc.Assign(
+          destTyped,
+          microWacc.Call(
+            destTy match {
+              case KnownType.Int  => microWacc.Builtin.ReadInt
+              case KnownType.Char => microWacc.Builtin.ReadChar
+              case _              => microWacc.Builtin.ReadInt // we'll stop due to error anyway
+            },
+            Nil
+          )
+        )
+      )
     case ast.Free(lhs) =>
-      checkValue(
-        lhs,
-        Constraint.IsEither(
-          KnownType.Array(?),
-          KnownType.Pair(?, ?),
-          "free must be applied to an array or pair"
+      List(
+        microWacc.Call(
+          microWacc.Builtin.Free,
+          List(
+            checkValue(
+              lhs,
+              Constraint.IsEither(
+                KnownType.Array(?),
+                KnownType.Pair(?, ?),
+                "free must be applied to an array or pair"
+              )
+            )
+          )
         )
       )
     case ast.Return(expr) =>
-      checkValue(expr, returnConstraint)
+      List(microWacc.Return(checkValue(expr, returnConstraint)))
     case ast.Exit(expr) =>
-      checkValue(expr, Constraint.Is(KnownType.Int, "exit value must be int"))
-    case ast.Print(expr, _) =>
+      List(
+        microWacc.Call(
+          microWacc.Builtin.Exit,
+          List(checkValue(expr, Constraint.Is(KnownType.Int, "exit value must be int")))
+        )
+      )
+    case ast.Print(expr, newline) =>
       // This constraint should never fail, the scope-checker should have caught it already
-      checkValue(expr, Constraint.Unconstrained)
+      List(
+        microWacc.Call(
+          if newline then microWacc.Builtin.Println else microWacc.Builtin.Print,
+          List(checkValue(expr, Constraint.Unconstrained))
+        )
+      )
     case ast.If(cond, thenStmt, elseStmt) =>
-      checkValue(cond, Constraint.Is(KnownType.Bool, "if condition must be a bool"))
-      thenStmt.toList.foreach(checkStmt(_, returnConstraint))
-      elseStmt.toList.foreach(checkStmt(_, returnConstraint))
+      List(
+        microWacc.If(
+          checkValue(cond, Constraint.Is(KnownType.Bool, "if condition must be a bool")),
+          thenStmt.toList.flatMap(checkStmt(_, returnConstraint)),
+          elseStmt.toList.flatMap(checkStmt(_, returnConstraint))
+        )
+      )
     case ast.While(cond, body) =>
-      checkValue(cond, Constraint.Is(KnownType.Bool, "while condition must be a bool"))
-      body.toList.foreach(checkStmt(_, returnConstraint))
-    case ast.Block(body) =>
-      body.toList.foreach(checkStmt(_, returnConstraint))
-    case ast.Skip() => ()
+      List(
+        microWacc.While(
+          checkValue(cond, Constraint.Is(KnownType.Bool, "while condition must be a bool")),
+          body.toList.flatMap(checkStmt(_, returnConstraint))
+        )
+      )
+    case ast.Block(body)   => body.toList.flatMap(checkStmt(_, returnConstraint))
+    case skip @ ast.Skip() => List.empty
   }
 
   /** Type-check an AST LValue, RValue or Expr node. This function does all 3 since these traits
@@ -197,47 +250,42 @@ object typeChecker {
     */
   private def checkValue(value: ast.LValue | ast.RValue | ast.Expr, constraint: Constraint)(using
       ctx: TypeCheckerCtx
-  ): SemType = value match {
-    case l @ ast.IntLiter(_)  => KnownType.Int.satisfies(constraint, l.pos)
-    case l @ ast.BoolLiter(_) => KnownType.Bool.satisfies(constraint, l.pos)
-    case l @ ast.CharLiter(_) => KnownType.Char.satisfies(constraint, l.pos)
-    case l @ ast.StrLiter(_)  => KnownType.String.satisfies(constraint, l.pos)
-    case l @ ast.PairLiter()  => KnownType.Pair(?, ?).satisfies(constraint, l.pos)
-    case id: ast.Ident =>
-      ctx.typeOf(id).satisfies(constraint, id.pos)
-    case ast.ArrayElem(id, indices) =>
-      val arrayTy = ctx.typeOf(id)
-      val elemTy = indices.foldLeftM(arrayTy) { (acc, elem) =>
-        checkValue(elem, Constraint.Is(KnownType.Int, "array index must be an int"))
-        acc match {
-          case KnownType.Array(innerTy) => Some(innerTy)
-          case ?                        => Some(?) // we can keep indexing an unknown type
-          case nonArrayTy =>
-            ctx.error(
-              Error.TypeMismatch(elem.pos, KnownType.Array(?), acc, "cannot index into a non-array")
-            )
-            None
-        }
-      }
-      elemTy.getOrElse(?).satisfies(constraint, id.pos)
+  ): microWacc.Expr = value match {
+    case l @ ast.IntLiter(v) =>
+      KnownType.Int.satisfies(constraint, l.pos)
+      microWacc.IntLiter(v)
+    case l @ ast.BoolLiter(v) =>
+      KnownType.Bool.satisfies(constraint, l.pos)
+      microWacc.BoolLiter(v)
+    case l @ ast.CharLiter(v) =>
+      KnownType.Char.satisfies(constraint, l.pos)
+      microWacc.CharLiter(v)
+    case l @ ast.StrLiter(v) =>
+      KnownType.String.satisfies(constraint, l.pos)
+      microWacc.ArrayLiter(v.map(microWacc.CharLiter(_)).toList)(KnownType.String)
+    case l @ ast.PairLiter() =>
+      microWacc.NullLiter()(KnownType.Pair(?, ?).satisfies(constraint, l.pos))
     case ast.Parens(expr) => checkValue(expr, constraint)
     case l @ ast.ArrayLiter(elems) =>
-      KnownType
-        // Start with an unknown param type, make it more specific while checking the elements.
-        .Array(elems.foldLeft[SemType](?) { case (acc, elem) =>
-          checkValue(
+      val (elemTy, elemsTyped) = elems.mapAccumulate[SemType, microWacc.Expr](?) {
+        case (acc, elem) =>
+          val elemTyped = checkValue(
             elem,
             Constraint.IsSymmetricCompatible(acc, s"array elements must have the same type")
           )
-        })
+          (elemTyped.ty, elemTyped)
+      }
+      val arrayTy = KnownType
+        // Start with an unknown param type, make it more specific while checking the elements.
+        .Array(elemTy)
         .satisfies(constraint, l.pos)
+      microWacc.ArrayLiter(elemsTyped)(arrayTy)
     case l @ ast.NewPair(fst, snd) =>
-      KnownType
-        .Pair(
-          checkValue(fst, Constraint.Unconstrained),
-          checkValue(snd, Constraint.Unconstrained)
-        )
-        .satisfies(constraint, l.pos)
+      val fstTyped = checkValue(fst, Constraint.Unconstrained)
+      val sndTyped = checkValue(snd, Constraint.Unconstrained)
+      microWacc.ArrayLiter(List(fstTyped, sndTyped))(
+        KnownType.Pair(fstTyped.ty, sndTyped.ty).satisfies(constraint, l.pos)
+      )
     case ast.Call(id, args) =>
       val funcTy @ FuncType(retTy, paramTys) = ctx.funcType(id)
       if (args.length != paramTys.length) {
@@ -245,76 +293,152 @@ object typeChecker {
       }
       // Even if the number of arguments is wrong, we still check the types of the arguments
       // in the best way we can (by taking a zip).
-      args.zip(paramTys).foreach { case (arg, paramTy) =>
+      val argsTyped = args.zip(paramTys).map { case (arg, paramTy) =>
         checkValue(arg, Constraint.Is(paramTy, s"argument type mismatch in function ${id.v}"))
       }
-      retTy.satisfies(constraint, id.pos)
-    case ast.Fst(elem) =>
-      checkValue(
-        elem,
-        Constraint.Is(KnownType.Pair(?, ?), "fst must be applied to a pair")
-      ) match {
-        case what @ KnownType.Pair(left, _) =>
-          left.satisfies(constraint, elem.pos)
-        case _ => ctx.error(Error.InternalError(elem.pos, "fst must be applied to a pair"))
-      }
-    case ast.Snd(elem) =>
-      checkValue(
-        elem,
-        Constraint.Is(KnownType.Pair(?, ?), "snd must be applied to a pair")
-      ) match {
-        case KnownType.Pair(_, right) => right.satisfies(constraint, elem.pos)
-        case _ => ctx.error(Error.InternalError(elem.pos, "snd must be applied to a pair"))
-      }
+      microWacc.Call(microWacc.Ident(id.v, id.uid)(retTy.satisfies(constraint, id.pos)), argsTyped)
 
     // Unary operators
     case ast.Negate(x) =>
-      checkValue(x, Constraint.Is(KnownType.Int, "negation must be applied to an int"))
-      KnownType.Int.satisfies(constraint, x.pos)
+      microWacc.UnaryOp(
+        checkValue(x, Constraint.Is(KnownType.Int, "negation must be applied to an int")),
+        microWacc.UnaryOperator.Negate
+      )(KnownType.Int.satisfies(constraint, x.pos))
     case ast.Not(x) =>
-      checkValue(x, Constraint.Is(KnownType.Bool, "logical not must be applied to a bool"))
-      KnownType.Bool.satisfies(constraint, x.pos)
+      microWacc.UnaryOp(
+        checkValue(x, Constraint.Is(KnownType.Bool, "logical not must be applied to a bool")),
+        microWacc.UnaryOperator.Not
+      )(KnownType.Bool.satisfies(constraint, x.pos))
     case ast.Len(x) =>
-      checkValue(x, Constraint.Is(KnownType.Array(?), "len must be applied to an array"))
-      KnownType.Int.satisfies(constraint, x.pos)
+      microWacc.UnaryOp(
+        checkValue(x, Constraint.Is(KnownType.Array(?), "len must be applied to an array")),
+        microWacc.UnaryOperator.Len
+      )(KnownType.Int.satisfies(constraint, x.pos))
     case ast.Ord(x) =>
-      checkValue(x, Constraint.Is(KnownType.Char, "ord must be applied to a char"))
-      KnownType.Int.satisfies(constraint, x.pos)
+      microWacc.UnaryOp(
+        checkValue(x, Constraint.Is(KnownType.Char, "ord must be applied to a char")),
+        microWacc.UnaryOperator.Ord
+      )(KnownType.Int.satisfies(constraint, x.pos))
     case ast.Chr(x) =>
-      checkValue(x, Constraint.Is(KnownType.Int, "chr must be applied to an int"))
-      KnownType.Char.satisfies(constraint, x.pos)
+      microWacc.UnaryOp(
+        checkValue(x, Constraint.Is(KnownType.Int, "chr must be applied to an int")),
+        microWacc.UnaryOperator.Chr
+      )(KnownType.Char.satisfies(constraint, x.pos))
 
     // Binary operators
     case op: (ast.Add | ast.Sub | ast.Mul | ast.Div | ast.Mod) =>
       val operand = Constraint.Is(KnownType.Int, s"${op.name} operator must be applied to an int")
-      checkValue(op.x, operand)
-      checkValue(op.y, operand)
-      KnownType.Int.satisfies(constraint, op.pos)
+      microWacc.BinaryOp(
+        checkValue(op.x, operand),
+        checkValue(op.y, operand),
+        microWacc.BinaryOperator.fromAst(op)
+      )(KnownType.Int.satisfies(constraint, op.pos))
     case op: (ast.Eq | ast.Neq) =>
-      val xTy = checkValue(op.x, Constraint.Unconstrained)
-      checkValue(
-        op.y,
-        Constraint.Is(xTy, s"${op.name} operator must be applied to values of the same type")
-      )
-      KnownType.Bool.satisfies(constraint, op.pos)
+      val xTyped = checkValue(op.x, Constraint.Unconstrained)
+      microWacc.BinaryOp(
+        xTyped,
+        checkValue(
+          op.y,
+          Constraint
+            .Is(xTyped.ty, s"${op.name} operator must be applied to values of the same type")
+        ),
+        microWacc.BinaryOperator.fromAst(op)
+      )(KnownType.Bool.satisfies(constraint, op.pos))
     case op: (ast.Less | ast.LessEq | ast.Greater | ast.GreaterEq) =>
       val xConstraint = Constraint.IsEither(
         KnownType.Int,
         KnownType.Char,
         s"${op.name} operator must be applied to an int or char"
       )
+      val xTyped = checkValue(op.x, xConstraint)
       // If x type-check failed, we still want to check y is an Int or Char (rather than ?)
-      val yConstraint = checkValue(op.x, xConstraint) match {
+      val yConstraint = xTyped.ty match {
         case ? => xConstraint
         case xTy =>
           Constraint.Is(xTy, s"${op.name} operator must be applied to values of the same type")
       }
-      checkValue(op.y, yConstraint)
-      KnownType.Bool.satisfies(constraint, op.pos)
+      microWacc.BinaryOp(
+        xTyped,
+        checkValue(op.y, yConstraint),
+        microWacc.BinaryOperator.fromAst(op)
+      )(KnownType.Bool.satisfies(constraint, op.pos))
     case op: (ast.And | ast.Or) =>
       val operand = Constraint.Is(KnownType.Bool, s"${op.name} operator must be applied to a bool")
-      checkValue(op.x, operand)
-      checkValue(op.y, operand)
-      KnownType.Bool.satisfies(constraint, op.pos)
+      microWacc.BinaryOp(
+        checkValue(op.x, operand),
+        checkValue(op.y, operand),
+        microWacc.BinaryOperator.fromAst(op)
+      )(KnownType.Bool.satisfies(constraint, op.pos))
+
+    case lvalue: ast.LValue => checkLValue(lvalue, constraint)
+  }
+
+  /** Type-check an AST LValue node. Separate because microWacc keeps LValues
+    *
+    * @param value
+    *   The value to type-check.
+    * @param constraint
+    *   The type constraint that the value must satisfy.
+    * @param ctx
+    *   The type checker context which includes the global names and functions, and an errors
+    *   builder.
+    * @return
+    *   The most specific type of the value if it could be determined, or ? if it could not.
+    */
+  private def checkLValue(value: ast.LValue, constraint: Constraint)(using
+      ctx: TypeCheckerCtx
+  ): microWacc.LValue = value match {
+    case id @ ast.Ident(name, uid) =>
+      microWacc.Ident(name, uid)(ctx.typeOf(id).satisfies(constraint, id.pos))
+    case ast.ArrayElem(id, indices) =>
+      val arrayTy = ctx.typeOf(id)
+      val (elemTy, indicesTyped) = indices.mapAccumulate(arrayTy) { (acc, elem) =>
+        val idxTyped = checkValue(elem, Constraint.Is(KnownType.Int, "array index must be an int"))
+        val next = acc match {
+          case KnownType.Array(innerTy) => innerTy
+          case ?                        => ? // we can keep indexing an unknown type
+          case nonArrayTy =>
+            ctx.error(
+              Error.TypeMismatch(
+                elem.pos,
+                KnownType.Array(?),
+                acc,
+                "cannot index into a non-array"
+              )
+            )
+            ?
+        }
+        (next, idxTyped)
+      }
+      microWacc.ArrayElem(
+        microWacc.Ident(id.v, id.uid)(arrayTy),
+        indicesTyped
+      )(elemTy.satisfies(constraint, value.pos))
+    case ast.Fst(elem) =>
+      val elemTyped = checkLValue(
+        elem,
+        Constraint.Is(KnownType.Pair(?, ?), "fst must be applied to a pair")
+      )
+      microWacc.ArrayElem(
+        elemTyped,
+        NonEmptyList.of(microWacc.IntLiter(0))
+      )(elemTyped.ty match {
+        case KnownType.Pair(left, _) =>
+          left.satisfies(constraint, elem.pos)
+        case _ => ctx.error(Error.InternalError(elem.pos, "fst must be applied to a pair"))
+      })
+    case ast.Snd(elem) =>
+      val elemTyped = checkLValue(
+        elem,
+        Constraint.Is(KnownType.Pair(?, ?), "snd must be applied to a pair")
+      )
+      microWacc.ArrayElem(
+        elemTyped,
+        NonEmptyList.of(microWacc.IntLiter(1))
+      )(elemTyped.ty match {
+        case KnownType.Pair(_, right) =>
+          right.satisfies(constraint, elem.pos)
+        case _ => ctx.error(Error.InternalError(elem.pos, "snd must be applied to a pair"))
+      })
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/wacc/Main.scala b/src/main/wacc/Main.scala
index 5e95424..445d9c1 100644
--- a/src/main/wacc/Main.scala
+++ b/src/main/wacc/Main.scala
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def compile(contents: String): Int = {
       given errors: mutable.Builder[Error, List[Error]] = List.newBuilder
       val (names, funcs) = renamer.rename(prog)
       given ctx: typeChecker.TypeCheckerCtx = typeChecker.TypeCheckerCtx(names, funcs, errors)
-      typeChecker.check(prog)
+      val typedProg = typeChecker.check(prog)
       if (errors.result.nonEmpty) {
         given errorContent: String = contents
         errors.result
@@ -48,7 +48,10 @@ def compile(contents: String): Int = {
             }
           }
           .max()
-      } else 0
+      } else {
+        println(typedProg)
+        0
+      }
     case Failure(msg) =>
       println(msg)
       100